1,610 research outputs found
Random Forests and Networks Analysis
D. Wilson~\cite{[Wi]} in the 1990's described a simple and efficient
algorithm based on loop-erased random walks to sample uniform spanning trees
and more generally weighted trees or forests spanning a given graph. This
algorithm provides a powerful tool in analyzing structures on networks and
along this line of thinking, in recent works~\cite{AG1,AG2,ACGM1,ACGM2} we
focused on applications of spanning rooted forests on finite graphs. The
resulting main conclusions are reviewed in this paper by collecting related
theorems, algorithms, heuristics and numerical experiments. A first
foundational part on determinantal structures and efficient sampling procedures
is followed by four main applications: 1) a random-walk-based notion of
well-distributed points in a graph 2) how to describe metastable dynamics in
finite settings by means of Markov intertwining dualities 3) coarse graining
schemes for networks and associated processes 4) wavelets-like pyramidal
algorithms for graph signals.Comment: Survey pape
Perspectives in Neutrino Physics: Monochromatic Neutrino Beams
In the last few years spectacular results have been achieved with the
demonstration of non vanishing neutrino masses and flavour mixing. The ultimate
goal is the understanding of the origin of these properties from new physics.
In this road, the last unknown mixing must be determined. If it is
proved to be non-zero, the possibility is open for Charge Conjugation-Parity
(CP) violation in the lepton sector. This will require precision experiments
with a very intense neutrino source. Here a novel method to create a
monochromatic neutrino beam, an old dream for neutrino physics, is proposed
based on the recent discovery of nuclei that decay fast through electron
capture. Such nuclei will generate a monochromatic directional neutrino beam
when decaying at high energy in a storage ring with long straight sections. We
also show that the capacity of such a facility to discover new physics is
impressive, so that fine tuning of the boosted neutrino energy allows precision
measurements of the oscillation parameters even for a mixing as
small as 1 degree. We can thus open a window to the discovery of CP violation
in neutrino oscillations.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of GUSTAVOFEST -
Symposium in Honour of Gustavo C. Branco: CP Violation and the Flavour
Puzzle, Lisbon, Portugal, 19-20 July 200
Physics Reach with a Monochromatic Neutrino Beam from Electron Capture
Neutrino oscillation experiments from different sources have demonstrated
non-vanishing neutrino masses and flavour mixings. The next experiments have to
address the determination of the connecting mixing U(e3) and the existence of
the CP violating phase. Whereas U(e3) measures the strength of the oscillation
probability in appearance experiments, the CP phase acts as a phase-shift in
the interference pattern. Here we propose to separate these two parameters by
energy dependence, using the novel idea of a monochromatic neutrino beam
facility based on the acceleration of ions that decay fast through electron
capture. Fine tuning of the boosted neutrino energy allows precision
measurements able to open a window for the discovery of CP violation, even for
a mixing as small as 1 degree.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. Talk given at the International Europhysics
Conference on High Energy Physics, HEP-EPS 2005, Lisbon, Portugal, July
21-27, 200
Algebraic structure of stochastic expansions and efficient simulation
We investigate the algebraic structure underlying the stochastic Taylor
solution expansion for stochastic differential systems.Our motivation is to
construct efficient integrators. These are approximations that generate strong
numerical integration schemes that are more accurate than the corresponding
stochastic Taylor approximation, independent of the governing vector fields and
to all orders. The sinhlog integrator introduced by Malham & Wiese (2009) is
one example. Herein we: show that the natural context to study stochastic
integrators and their properties is the convolution shuffle algebra of
endomorphisms; establish a new whole class of efficient integrators; and then
prove that, within this class, the sinhlog integrator generates the optimal
efficient stochastic integrator at all orders.Comment: 19 page
Conformal Invariance and Electrodynamics: Applications and General Formalism
The role of the conformal group in electrodynamics in four space-time
dimensions is re-examined. As a pedagogic example we use the application of
conformal transformations to find the electromagnetic field for a charged
particle moving with a constant relativistic acceleration from the Coulomb
electric field for the particle at rest. We also re-consider the reformulation
of Maxwell's equations on the projective cone, which is isomorphic to a
conformal compactification on Minkowski space, so that conformal
transformations, belonging to the group O(4,2), are realised linearly. The
resulting equations are different from those postulated previously and respect
additional gauge invariances which play an essential role in ensuring
consistency with conventional electrodynamics on Minkowski space. The solution
on the projective cone corresponding to a constantly accelerating charged
particle is discussed.Comment: 24 pages, 1 figure, plain tex, uses harvmac, eps
A note about the t`Hooft`s ansatz for SU(N) real time guage theories
The t`Hooft's ansatz reduces the classical Yang--Mills theory to the
one. It is shown that in the frame of this ansatz the real-time
classical solutions for the arbitrary SU(N) gauge group is obtained by
embedding into SU(N). It is argued that this group
structure is the only possibility in the frame of the considered ansatz. New
explicit solutions for SU(3) and SU(5) gauge groups are shown
Neutrino-nucleus interaction rates at a low-energy beta-beam facility
We compute the neutrino detection rates to be expected at a low-energy
beta-beam facility. We consider various nuclei as neutrino detectors and
compare the case of a small versus large storage ring.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome, Endothelial Function and Markers of Endothelialization. Changes after CPAP
STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study tries to assess the endothelial function in vivo using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and several biomarkers of endothelium formation/restoration and damage in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome at baseline and after three months with CPAP therapy. DESIGN: Observational study, before and after CPAP therapy. SETTING AND PATIENTS: We studied 30 patients with apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) >15/h that were compared with themselves after three months of CPAP therapy. FMD was assessed non-invasively in vivo using the Laser-Doppler flowmetry. Circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) and microparticles (MPs) were measured as markers of endothelial damage and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined as a marker of endothelial restoration process. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: After three month with CPAP, FMD significantly increased (1072.26 ± 483.21 vs. 1604.38 ± 915.69 PU, p< 0.005) cf-DNA and MPs significantly decreased (187.93 ± 115.81 vs. 121.28 ± 78.98 pg/ml, p<0.01, and 69.60 ± 62.60 vs. 39.82 ± 22.14 U/μL, p<0.05, respectively) and VEGF levels increased (585.02 ± 246.06 vs. 641.11 ± 212.69 pg/ml, p<0.05). These changes were higher in patients with more severe disease. There was a relationship between markers of damage (r = -0.53, p<0.005) but not between markers of damage and restoration, thus suggesting that both types of markers should be measured together. CONCLUSIONS: CPAP therapy improves FMD. This improvement may be related to an increase of endothelial restoration process and a decrease of endothelial damage
Physics Reach of Electron-Capture Neutrino Beams
To complete the picture of neutrino oscillations two fundamental parameters
need to be measured, theta13 and delta. The next generation of long baseline
neutrino oscillation experiments -superbeams, betabeams and neutrino factories-
indeed take aim at measuring them. Here we explore the physics reach of a new
candidate: an electron-capture neutrino beam. Emphasis is made on its
feasibility thanks to the recent discovery of nuclei that decay fast through
electron capture, and on the interplay with a betabeam (its closest relative).Comment: 5 pages, 3 png figures. Talk given at the 7th International Workshop
on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact 05), Frascati, Italy, June 200
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